The main areas of surgical treatment in dentistry are as follows:
Correction of gum pathologies, the presence of inflammatory processes in them.
Tooth-preserving surgery or tooth extraction.
Preparation for implantation.
In the first case, the most common indication for surgery is periodontitis. The disease is infectious in nature, under the influence of pathogenic microorganisms, the ligamentous apparatus, the bone tissue of the tooth, is destroyed. Therefore, foci of inflammation should be removed in a timely manner. If deep periodontal pockets have already formed, and access to them is difficult, it is necessary to perform an open curettage (patchwork operation). During its implementation, all the affected tissues around the tooth are cleaned, bone-forming material is placed. This allows you to remove inflammation and reduce the depth of the pathological pocket, thereby alleviating the patient’s condition.
Surgical treatment is also used in the pathology of the frenulum of the lower (upper) lip or tongue. Frenuloplasty prevents inflammation of the gums, the formation of a diastema, and difficulties with diction.
Vestibuloplasty is an operation that allows to solve the problem of insufficiently deep vestibule of the oral cavity. If, due to this defect, access to periodontal pockets is limited, stable fixation of dentures is impossible, or there are speech disorders, this procedure is indispensable. Since in the postoperative period pain in the gums or their swelling is possible, for the speedy healing of the wound, the dentist prudently applies special membranes (consisting of plasma) to the entire affected area.
In the second case, surgical treatment is used either to save the tooth or to remove it. Dental surgeries include:
Resection of the root of the tooth (its apex). In the presence of cysts, granulomas are cut along with the root tip, and resection is also necessary if it is impossible to treat the tooth through the canal.
Root amputation.
In multi-rooted teeth, if one root is affected, it is removed, and the tooth remains in place and performs its functions.
If the tooth cannot be saved, the surgeon removes it. It can be simple – a mobile tooth is pulled out, or more complex, using special tools.
In the third case, surgical treatment may be necessary in preparation for dental implantation. For example, if the required volume of bone tissue is insufficient, it is preliminarily restored – an osteoplastic material is placed in place of the missing tooth.
Dentists of a professional dental clinic use only proven and effective painkillers for any type of operation, which allows patients to endure all these unpleasant, but necessary procedures without fear and pain. Extensive experience of surgeons, modern equipment and materials, sterility of instruments allow surgical treatment of teeth and gums with minimal risk of complications. The only thing that needs to be done to the patient is to strictly follow all the recommendations of the attending physician.